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1938 United States Senate elections

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1938 United States Senate elections

← 1936 November 8, 1938 1940 →

35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Alben Barkley Charles McNary
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since July 22, 1937 March 4, 1933
Leader's seat Kentucky Oregon
Seats before 77 15
Seats after 69 23
Seat change Decrease 8 Increase 8
Seats up 32 3
Races won 24 11

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Farmer–Labor Progressive
Seats before 2 1
Seats after 2 1
Seat change Steady Steady
Seats up 0 0
Races won 0 0

  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Seats before 1
Seats after 1
Seat change Steady
Seats up 0
Races won 0

1938 United States Senate special election in New Jersey1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee1938 United States Senate special election in New York1938 United States Senate election in Alabama1938 United States Senate election in Arizona1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas1938 United States Senate election in California1938 United States Senate election in Colorado1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut1938 United States Senate election in Florida1938 United States Senate election in Georgia1938 United States Senate election in Idaho1938 United States Senate election in Illinois1938 United States Senate election in Indiana1938 United States Senate election in Iowa1938 United States Senate election in Kansas1938 United States Senate election in Kentucky1938 United States Senate election in Louisiana1938 United States Senate election in Maryland1938 United States Senate election in Missouri1938 United States Senate election in Nevada1938 United States Senate election in New Hampshire1938 United States Senate election in New York1938 United States Senate election in North Carolina1938 United States Senate election in North Dakota1938 United States Senate election in Ohio1938 United States Senate election in Oklahoma1938 United States Senate election in Oregon1938 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania1938 United States Senate election in South Carolina1938 United States Senate election in South Dakota1938 United States Senate election in Utah1938 United States Senate election in Vermont1938 United States Senate election in Washington1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     No election

Majority Leader before election

Alben Barkley
Democratic

Elected Majority Leader

Alben Barkley
Democratic

The 1938 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term. The 32 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The Republicans gained eight seats from the Democrats, though this occurred after multiple Democratic gains since the 1932 election, leading to the Democrats retaining a commanding lead over the Republicans with more than two-thirds of the legislative chamber.

A contemporary account[1] cited a number of reasons for the losses suffered by the Democrats. The Recession of 1937 had continued into the first half of 1938, and had arguably weakened public confidence in the administration's New Deal economic policies, along with controversy over the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan).

There were, in addition, strains between the more liberal New Deal supporters and the conservative wing of the Democratic party centered in the Southern states, which were exacerbated by an effort led by President Roosevelt to target certain conservative senators for defeat in Democratic primaries, including Walter George of Georgia, Millard Tydings of Maryland, Robert Rice Reynolds of North Carolina, and Ellison Smith of South Carolina. While a number of New Deal supporters won primary elections, such as Alben Barkley in Kentucky, who defeated Governor Happy Chandler, James P. Pope of Idaho, a prominent New Deal supporter, lost his bid for re-nomination, as did California's William McAdoo — though McAdoo's Democratic opponent, Sheridan Downey, had campaigned as a liberal New Dealer on many issues who would also do more to improve pension plans.[2]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt had faced opposition from conservative Democrats and the Republicans in Congress since the beginning of his presidency. Josiah Bailey, Edward R. Burke, Harry F. Byrd, James F. Byrnes, Walter F. George, Peter G. Gerry, Carter Glass, Pat Harrison, Rush Holt Sr., Kenneth McKellar, and Ellison D. Smith were the conservative Democratic senators that opposed Roosevelt's policies although Harrison, Burke, Byrnes, and McKellar had initially supported the First New Deal. Vice President John Nance Garner pushed for Roosevelt to support more conservative policies. The Republicans gained eight seats in the Senate while the Democrats maintained their majority. However, there were around twenty unreliable Democratic votes for Roosevelt which allowed conservatives to block some of his policies.[3]

Gains, losses, and holds

[edit]

Retirements

[edit]

One Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election, one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and election to a full term.

State Senator Replaced by
Illinois William H. Dieterich Scott W. Lucas
Oregon (special) Alfred E. Reames Alexander G. Barry
Oregon Alfred E. Reames Rufus C. Holman
South Dakota (special)

Herbert E. Hitchcock

Gladys Pyle

Defeats

[edit]

Seven Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election. One Democrat sought election to a full term but lost in the primary election and one Democrat sought election to finish the unexpired term but lost in the primary election.

State Senator Replaced by
California William Gibbs McAdoo Sheridan Downey
Connecticut Augustine Lonergan John A. Danaher
Idaho James P. Pope D. Worth Clark
Kansas George McGill Clyde M. Reed
New Hampshire Fred H. Brown Charles W. Tobey
Ohio Robert J. Bulkley Robert A. Taft
South Dakota Herbert E. Hitchcock Chan Gurney
Tennessee George L. Berry Tom Stewart
Wisconsin F. Ryan Duffy Alexander Wiley

Death

[edit]

One Democrat died on June 17, 1938, and his seat remained vacant until the election.

State Senator Replaced by
New York (special) Royal S. Copeland James M. Mead

Post-election changes

[edit]
State Senator Replaced by
Idaho William Edgar Borah John Thomas
Illinois James Hamilton Lewis James M. Slattery
Kentucky Marvel Mills Logan Happy Chandler
Vermont Ernest Willard Gibson Ernest W. Gibson Jr.

Change in composition

[edit]

Before the elections

[edit]
  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46
Ala. (reg)
Ala. (sp)
Ran[a]
D47
Ariz.
Ran
D48
Ark.
Ran
Majority → D49
Calif.
Ran
D58
Kan.
Ran
D57
Iowa
Ran
D56
Ind.
Ran
D55
Ill.
Retired
D54
Idaho
Ran
D53
Ga.
Ran
D52
Fla.
Ran
D51
Conn.
Ran
D50
Colo.
Ran
D59
Ky.
Ran
D60
La.
Ran
D61
Md.
Ran
D62
Mo.
Ran
D63
Nev.
Ran
D64
N.H.
Ran
D65
N.J. (sp)
Retired
D66
N.Y. (reg)
Ran
D67
N.Y. (sp)
Died
D68
N.C.
Ran
FL2 D77
Wisc.
Ran
D76
Wash.
Ran
D75
Utah
Ran
D74
Tenn. (sp)
Ran
D73
S.D. (reg)
Ran S.D. (sp)
Retired
D72
S.C.
Ran
D71
Ore. (reg)
Ore. (sp)
Retired
D70
Okla.
Ran
D69
Ohio
Ran
FL1 I1 P1 R15
Vt.
Ran
R14
Pa.
Ran
R13
N.D.
Ran
R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Result of the elections

[edit]
  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46
Ala. (sp)
Elected[b][a]
Ala. (reg)
Re-elected[a]
D47
Ariz.
Re-elected
D48
Ark.
Re-elected
Majority → D49
Calif.
Hold
D58
La.
Re-elected
D57
Ky.
Re-elected
D56
Iowa
Re-elected
D55
Ind.
Re-elected
D54
Ill.
Hold
D53
Idaho
Hold
D52
Ga.
Re-elected
D51
Fla.
Re-elected
D50
Colo.
Re-elected
D59
Md.
Re-elected
D60
Mo.
Re-elected
D61
Nev.
Re-elected
D62
N.Y. (reg)
Re-elected
D63
N.Y. (sp)
Hold
D64
N.C.
Re-elected
D65
Okla.
Re-elected
D66
S.C.
Re-elected
D67
Tenn. (sp)
Hold
D68
Utah
Re-elected
R19
N.J. (sp)
Gain
R20
Ohio
Gain
R21
Ore. (reg)
Ore. (sp)
Gain
R22
S.D. (reg)
S.D. (sp)
Gain
R23
Wisc.
Gain
P1 I1 FL1 FL2 D69
Wash.
Re-elected
R18
N.H.
Gain
R17
Kan.
Gain
R16
Conn.
Gain
R15
Vt.
Re-elected
R14
Pa.
Re-elected
R13
N.D.
Re-elected
R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key:
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
I# Independent
P# Progressive
R# Republican

Race summaries

[edit]

Special elections during the 75th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1938 or before January 3, 1939; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama
(Class 3)
J. Lister Hill Democratic 1938 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected April 26, 1938.
New Jersey
(Class 1)
John Milton Democratic 1938 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected November 8, 1938.
Republican gain.
New York
(Class 1)
Royal S. Copeland Democratic 1922
1928
1934
Incumbent died June 17, 1938.
Winner elected November 8, 1938.
Democratic hold.
Oregon
(Class 3)
Alfred E. Reames Democratic 1938 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected November 8, 1938.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run for the next term, however; see below.
South Dakota
(Class 3)
Herbert E. Hitchcock Democratic 1936 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Winner elected November 8, 1938.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run for the next term, however; see below.
  • Green tickY Gladys Pyle (Republican) 58.1%
  • John T. McCullen (Democratic) 41.9%
Tennessee
(Class 2)
George L. Berry Democratic 1937 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Winner elected November 8, 1938.
Democratic hold.
Winner delayed his term until January 16, 1939, to finish his term as district attorney.

Races leading to the 76th Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1939; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama J. Lister Hill Democratic 1938 (Appointed)
1938 (special)
Incumbent re-elected.
Arizona Carl Hayden Democratic 1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas Hattie Caraway Democratic 1931 (Appointed)
1932 (special)
Incumbent re-elected.
California William Gibbs McAdoo Democratic 1932 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Incumbent then resigned and Thomas M. Storke (D) was appointed to finish the term.
Colorado Alva B. Adams Democratic 1923 (Appointed)
1924 (Retired)
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut Augustine Lonergan Democratic 1932 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Florida Claude Pepper Democratic 1936 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia Walter F. George Democratic 1922 (special)
1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho James P. Pope Democratic 1932 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Illinois William H. Dieterich Democratic 1932 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Indiana Frederick Van Nuys Democratic 1932 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Herman L. Seeger (Prohibition) 0.4%
  • Louis E. Roebuck (Socialist) 0.1%
  • Miles Blansett (Communist) 0.1%
Iowa Guy Gillette Democratic 1936 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Kansas George McGill Democratic 1930 (special)
1932
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Kentucky Alben W. Barkley Democratic 1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana John H. Overton Democratic 1932 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland Millard Tydings Democratic 1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri Bennett Champ Clark Democratic 1932
1933 (Appointed)
Incumbent re-elected.
Nevada Pat McCarran Democratic 1932 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire Fred H. Brown Democratic 1932 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
New York Robert F. Wagner Democratic 1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina Robert R. Reynolds Democratic 1932 (special)
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
North Dakota Gerald Nye Republican 1925 (Appointed)
1926 (special)
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio Robert J. Bulkley Democratic 1930 (special)
1932
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oklahoma Elmer Thomas Democratic 1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
Oregon Alfred E. Reames Democratic 1938 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Pennsylvania James J. Davis Republican 1930 (special)
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina Ellison D. Smith Democratic 1909
1914
1920
1926
1932
Incumbent re-elected.
South Dakota Herbert E. Hitchcock Democratic 1936 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost nomination to next term.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Utah Elbert D. Thomas Democratic 1932 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont Ernest W. Gibson Republican 1933 (Appointed)
1934 (special)
Incumbent re-elected.
Washington Homer Bone Democratic 1932 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin F. Ryan Duffy Democratic 1932 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.

Closest races

[edit]

Thirteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State Party of winner Margin
Indiana Democratic 0.3%
Iowa Democratic 0.3%
Connecticut Republican (flip) 2.9%
Illinois Democratic 3.0%
South Dakota Republican (flip) 5.0%
Ohio Republican (flip) 7.2%
New Jersey Republican (flip) 7.3%
North Dakota Democratic 7.5%
New Hampshire Republican (flip) 8.4%
New York Democratic 9.5%
California Democratic 9.7%
Idaho Democratic 9.8%
Oregon Republican (flip) 9.8%

There is no tipping point state.

Alabama

[edit]

There were 2 elections due to the August 19, 1937, resignation of two-term Democrat Hugo Black. Democrat Dixie Bibb Graves was appointed August 20, 1937 (by her husband, the governor) to finish Black's term.

Alabama (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate Democratic primary special election in Alabama

← 1932 January 4, 1938 1938 (regular) →
 
Nominee Lister Hill James Thomas Heflin
Party Democratic Democratic
Popular vote 90,601 50,189
Percentage 61.81% 34.24%

County results
Hill:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Heflin:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Dixie Bibb Graves
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

J. Lister Hill
Democratic

Alabama special Democratic primary, January 4, 1938[4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic J. Lister Hill 90,601 61.81%
Democratic James Thomas Heflin 50,189 34.24%
Democratic Charles W. Williams 5,783 3.95%
Turnout 1.87%
Democratic hold
Majority 40,412 27.57%

After congressman J. Lister Hill won the January 4, 1938, Democratic primary, Graves resigned and Hill was appointed to continue the term until the April 26, 1938, special election, which he won unopposed.

Alabama special election, April 26, 1938[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic J. Lister Hill (Incumbent) 49,429 100.00%
Turnout 1.87%
Democratic hold

Hill was then easily re-elected in November to the next term.

Alabama (regular)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate Election in Alabama

← 1938 (special) November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Lister Hill J. M. Pennington
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 113,413 17,885
Percentage 86.38% 13.62%

County results
Hill:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90-100%
Heflin:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

J. Lister Hill
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

J. Lister Hill
Democratic

Alabama election[6][7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic J. Lister Hill (Incumbent) 113,413 86.38%
Republican J. M. Pennington 17,885 13.62%
None Scattering 1 0.00%
Majority 95,528 72.76%
Turnout 131,299 4.96%
Democratic hold

Arizona

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Arizona

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Carl Hayden Burt H. Clingan
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 82,714 25,378
Percentage 76.52% 23.48%

County results
Hayden:      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election

Carl Hayden
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Carl Hayden
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Carl Hayden was re-elected to a third term, defeating Republican nominee Burt H. Clingan, chairman of the Arizona Industrial Commission, in the general election.

In contrast to previous elections, Hayden was easily reelected, receiving only token opposition from a relatively unknown Republican challenger.

Arizona Democratic primary[8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carl T. Hayden (Incumbent) 68,328 65.48%
Democratic Robert E. Miller 22,154 21.23%
Democratic Whit I. Hughes 13,867 13.29%
Total votes 104,349 100.00
Arizona general election[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carl T. Hayden (Incumbent) 82,714 76.52%
Republican Burt H. Clingan 25,378 23.48%
Majority 57,336 53.04%
Turnout 108,092
Democratic hold

Arkansas

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Arkansas

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Hattie Caraway C. D. Atkinson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 122,883 14,290
Percentage 89.58% 10.42%

County results
Caraway:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election

Hattie Caraway
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Hattie Caraway
Democratic

Arkansas election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hattie Wyatt Caraway (Incumbent) 122,883 89.58%
Republican C. T. Atkinson 14,290 10.42%
Majority 108,593 79.16%
Turnout 137,173
Democratic hold

California

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in California

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Sheridan Downey Philip Bancroft
Party Democratic Republican
Alliance Progressive
Townsend
Popular vote 1,372,314 1,126,240
Percentage 54.43% 44.67%

County results
Downey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Bancroft:      40–50%      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

William Gibbs McAdoo
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Sheridan Downey
Democratic

California election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sheridan Downey 1,372,314 54.41%
Republican Philip Bancroft 1,126,240 44.65%
Socialist Lillian Symes Clements 22,569 0.89%
None Scattering 1,019 0.04%
Majority 246,074 9.76%
Turnout 2,522,142
Democratic hold

Colorado

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Colorado

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1942 (special) →
 
Nominee Alva B. Adams Archibald A. Lee
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 262,806 181,297
Percentage 58.24% 40.18%

Results by county
Adams:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Lee:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Alva B. Adams
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Alva B. Adams
Democratic

Colorado election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Alva B. Adams (Incumbent) 262,786 58.24%
Republican Archibald A. Lee 181,297 40.18%
Socialist Carle Whitehead 3,604 0.80%
Independent Progressive James Allander 3,522 0.78%
Majority 81,489 18.06%
Turnout 451,209
Democratic hold

Connecticut

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Connecticut

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee John A. Danaher Augustine Lonergan Bellani Trombley
Party Republican Democratic Socialist
Alliance Union
Popular vote 270,413 252,426 99,282
Percentage 42.89% 40.04% 15.75%

Danaher:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Lonergan:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Trombley:      40–50%
Tie:      30–40%

U.S. senator before election

Augustine Lonergan
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

John A. Danaher
Republican

Connecticut election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John A. Danaher 270,413 42.89%
Democratic Augustine Lonergan (Incumbent) 252,426 40.04%
Socialist Bellani Trombley 99,282 15.75%
Socialist Labor Joseph Mackey 6,931 1.10%
American Labor Philip Brainard 766 0.12%
Communist Michael A. Russo 615 0.10%
Majority 17,987 2.85%
Turnout 630,433
Republican gain from Democratic

Florida

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Florida

← 1936 (special) November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Claude Pepper Thomas E. Swanson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 145,757 31,035
Percentage 82.45% 17.55%

County results
Pepper:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90-100%

Senator before election

Claude Pepper
Democratic

Elected Senator

Claude Pepper
Democratic

Florida election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Claude Pepper (Incumbent) 145,757 82.45%
Republican Thomas E. Swanson 31,035 17.55%
Majority 114,722 64.90%
Turnout 176,792
Democratic hold

Georgia

[edit]
1938 U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Georgia

← 1932 September 14, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Walter F. George Eugene Talmadge Lawrence Camp
Party Democratic Democratic Democratic
Electoral vote 242 148 20
Popular vote 141,235 103,075 122,152
Percentage 43.96% 32.08% 19.69%

County results
George:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Talmadge:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Camp:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Walter F. George
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Walter F. George
Democratic

Georgia election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter F. George (Incumbent) 66,987 95.09%
Independent Charles A. Jiles 3,442 4.89%
Independent Eugene Talmadge 14 0.02%
Majority 63,545 90.20%
Turnout 70,443
Democratic hold

Idaho

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Idaho

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee D. Worth Clark Donald A. Callahan
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 99,801 81,939
Percentage 54.66% 44.88%

County results
Clark:      50–60%      60–70%
Callahan:      50-60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election

D. Worth Clark
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

D. Worth Clark
Democratic

Idaho election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic David Worth Clark 99,801 54.66%
Republican Donald A. Callahan 81,939 44.88%
Progressive V. A. Verhei 845 0.46%
Majority 17,862 9.78%
Turnout 182,585
Democratic hold

Illinois

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Illinois

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Scott W. Lucas Richard J. Lyons
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,638,162 1,542,574
Percentage 51.32% 48.33%

County results
Lucas:      50–60%      60–70%
Lyons:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

William H. Dieterich
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Scott W. Lucas
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat William H. Dieterich retired, making this an open-seat.

Illinois election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Scott W. Lucas 1,638,162 51.32%
Republican Richard J. Lyons 1,542,574 48.33%
Prohibition Enoch A. Holtwick 10,707 0.34%
None Scattering 569 0.02%
Majority 95,588 2.99%
Turnout 3,192,012
Democratic hold

Indiana

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Indiana

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Frederick Van Nuys Raymond E. Willis
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 788,386 783,189
Percentage 49.85% 49.52%

County results
Van Nuys:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Willis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Frederick Van Nuys
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Frederick Van Nuys
Democratic

Indiana election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Frederick Van Nuys (Incumbent) 788,386 49.85%
Republican Raymond E. Willis 783,189 49.52%
Prohibition Herman L. Seeger 6,905 0.44%
Socialist Louis E. Roebuck 2,026 0.13%
Communist Miles Blansett 984 0.06%
Majority 5,197 0.33%
Turnout 1,581,490
Democratic hold

Iowa

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Iowa

← 1936 (special) November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Guy M. Gillette Lester J. Dickinson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 413,788 410,983
Percentage 49.74% 49.41%

Gillette:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Dickinson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Guy M. Gillette
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Guy M. Gillette
Democratic

Iowa election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Guy Gillette (Incumbent) 413,788 49.74%
Republican Lester J. Dickinson 410,983 49.41%
Farmer–Labor George F. Buresch 4,723 0.57%
Progressive Raymond E. Hanke 1,525 0.18%
Prohibition G. W. Bauseman 820 0.10%
Majority 2,805 0.33%
Turnout 831,839
Democratic hold

Kansas

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Kansas

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Clyde M. Reed George McGill
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 419,532 326,774
Percentage 56.21% 43.78%

County results
Reed:      50–60%      60–70%
McGill:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

George McGill
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Clyde M. Reed
Republican

This is the last time that a Senator from Kansas lost re-election. Republicans have not lost a Senate election in the state since.

Kansas election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Clyde M. Reed 419,532 56.21%
Democratic George McGill (Incumbent) 326,774 43.78%
Independent Joe Corpstein 99 0.01%
Majority 92,758 12.43%
Turnout 746,405
Republican gain from Democratic

Kentucky

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Kentucky

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Alben W. Barkley John P. Haswell
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 346,735 212,266
Percentage 62.03% 37.97%

County results
Barkley:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Haswell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Alben W. Barkley
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Alben W. Barkley
Democratic

Kentucky election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Alben W. Barkley (Incumbent) 346,735 62.03%
Republican John P. Haswell 212,266 37.97%
Democratic Happy Chandler (write-in) 20 0.00%
Majority 134,469 22.06%
Turnout 559,021
Democratic hold

Louisiana

[edit]
Louisiana election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John H. Overton (Incumbent) 151,582 99.84%
Independent Maurice E. Clark 250 0.16%
Majority 151,332 99.68%
Turnout 151,832
Democratic hold

Maryland

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Millard Tydings Oscar Leser
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 357,245 153,253
Percentage 68.28% 29.29%

County results
Tydings:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Millard Tydings
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Millard Tydings
Democratic

Maryland election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Millard Tydings (Incumbent) 357,245 68.28%
Republican Oscar Lesser 153,253 29.29%
Union George W. Hunt 5,784 1.11%
Socialist Elisabeth Gilman 3,311 0.63%
American Labor Frank N. H. Lang 2,330 0.45%
Communist Harry Straw 1,301 0.25%
Majority 203,992 38.99%
Turnout 523,238
Democratic hold

Missouri

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Missouri

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Bennett Champ Clark Henry S. Caulfield
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 757,587 488,687
Percentage 60.69% 39.15%

County results
Clark:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Caulfield:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Bennett Champ Clark
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Bennett Champ Clark
Democratic

Missouri election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bennett Champ Clark (Incumbent) 757,587 60.69%
Republican Henry S. Caulfield 488,687 39.15%
Socialist J. G. Hodges 1,712 0.14%
Socialist Labor Karl L. Oberhue 292 0.02%
Majority 268,900 21.54%
Turnout 1,248,278
Democratic hold

Nevada

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Nevada

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Pat McCarran Tasker Oddie
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 27,406 19,078
Percentage 58.96% 41.04%

County results
McCarran:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Oddie:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Pat McCarran
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Pat McCarran
Democratic

Nevada election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Pat McCarran (Incumbent) 27,406 58.96%
Republican Tasker Oddie 19,078 41.04%
Majority 8,328 17.92%
Turnout 46,484
Democratic hold

New Hampshire

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Charles W. Tobey Fred H. Brown
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 100,633 84,920
Percentage 54.23% 45.77%

County results
Tobey:      50-60%      60-70%
Brown:      50–60%

Senator before election

Fred H. Brown
Democratic

Elected Senator

Charles W. Tobey
Republican

New Hampshire election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles W. Tobey 100,633 54.23%
Democratic Fred H. Brown (Incumbent) 84,920 45.77%
Majority 15,713 8.46%
Turnout 185,553
Republican gain from Democratic

New Jersey (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in New Jersey

← 1934 November 8, 1938 1940 →
 
Nominee William Warren Barbour William H. J. Ely
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 816,667 704,159
Percentage 52.98% 45.68%

County results
Barbour:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Ely:      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

John Gerald Milton
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

W. Warren Barbour
Republican

New Jersey special election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William Warren Barbour 816,667 52.98%
Democratic William H. J. Ely 704,159 45.68%
Prohibition Louis H. Kelley 8,201 0.53%
Socialist John Palangio 3,671 0.24%
Townsend Fred Turner 3,521 0.23%
Communist William Norman 3,515 0.23%
Socialist Labor John C. Butterworth 1,873 0.12%
Majority 112,508 7.30%
Turnout 1,541,607
Republican gain from Democratic

New York

[edit]

There were 2 elections due to the June 17, 1938, death of three-term Democrat Royal S. Copeland.

New York (regular)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in New York

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Robert F. Wagner John Lord O'Brian
Party Democratic Republican
Alliance American Labor Independent Progressive
Popular vote 2,497,029 2,058,615
Percentage 54.48% 44.92%

County Results
Wagner:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
O'Brian:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

Senator before election

Robert F. Wagner
Democratic

Elected Senator

Robert F. Wagner
Democratic

New York Republicans nominated John Lord O'Brian for the U.S. Senate.[10] Democrats re-nominated the incumbent Wagner.[11] The American Labor Party endorsed Wagner.[12]

1938 United States Senate election in New York[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) 2,098,919 45.80%
American Labor Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) 398,410 8.69%
Total Robert F. Wagner (Incumbent) 2,497,029 54.48%
Republican John Lord O'Brian 2,046,794 44.66%
Independent Progressive John Lord O'Brian 11,821 0.26%
'Total' John Lord O'Brian 2,058,615 44.92%
Socialist Herman J. Hahn[c] 23,553 0.51%
Socialist Labor O. Martin Olson[d] 3,851 0.08%
Total votes 4,583,048 100.00%

New York (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate special election in New York

← 1934 November 8, 1938 1940 →
 
Nominee James M. Mead Edward F. Corsi
Party Democratic Republican
Alliance American Labor Party Ind. Progressive
Popular vote 2,438,904 2,083,666
Percentage 53.93% 46.08%

Mead:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%
Corsi:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%

U.S. senator before election

Vacant

Elected U.S. Senator

James M. Mead
Democratic

New York Republicans nominated Edward Corsi for the short term to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Royal S. Copeland.[10] Democrats nominated James M. Mead.[11] The American Labor party endorsed Mead.[12]

Democratic ticket Republican ticket American Labor ticket Socialist ticket
James M. Mead 2,060,876 Edward F. Corsi 2,083,666 James M. Mead 378,028 Harry W. Laidler 27,161

North Carolina

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in North Carolina

← 1932 November 7, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Robert R. Reynolds Charles A. Jonas
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 316,685 179,461
Percentage 63.83% 36.17%

Results by county
Reynolds:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Jonas:      50–60%      60–70%

Senator before election

Robert Rice Reynolds
Democratic

Elected Senator

Robert Rice Reynolds
Democratic

North Carolina election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert Rice Reynolds (Incumbent) 316,685 63.80%
Republican Charles A. Jonas 179,650 36.20%
Majority 137,035 27.60%
Turnout 496,335
Democratic hold

North Dakota

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in North Dakota

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Gerald Nye William Langer J. J. Nygaard
Party Republican Independent Democratic
Popular vote 131,907 65,612 19,244
Percentage 50.12% 42.56% 7.31%

County results
Nye:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%
Langer:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election

Gerald Nye
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Gerald Nye
Republican

North Dakota election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gerald Nye (Incumbent) 131,907 50.12%
Independent William Langer 112,007 42.56%
Democratic J. J. Nygard 19,244 7.31%
Majority 19,900 7.56%
Turnout 263,158
Republican hold

Ohio

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Ohio

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Robert A. Taft Robert J. Bulkley
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,255,414 1,085,792
Percentage 53.62% 46.38%

County results
Taft:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Bulkley:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Robert J. Bulkley
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Robert A. Taft
Republican

Ohio election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Robert A. Taft 1,255,414 53.62%
Democratic Robert J. Bulkley (Incumbent) 1,085,792 46.38%
Majority 169,622 7.24%
Turnout 2,341,206
Republican gain from Democratic

Oklahoma

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Oklahoma

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Elmer Thomas Harry O. Glasser
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 307,936 159,734
Percentage 65.37% 33.91%

County results
Thomas:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Glasser:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Elmer Thomas
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Elmer Thomas
Democratic

Oklahoma election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Elmer Thomas (Incumbent) 307,936 65.37%
Republican Harry G. Glasser 159,734 33.91%
Prohibition P. C. Nelson 2,220 0.47%
Independent Raymond B. Clark 603 0.13%
Independent Herndon J. Thompson 573 0.12%
Majority 148,202 31.46%
Turnout 471,066
Democratic hold

Oregon

[edit]

There were 2 elections for the same seat, due to the January 31, 1938, resignation of two-term Republican Frederick Steiwer. Democratic businessman Alfred E. Reames was appointed February 1, 1938, to continue the term, pending a special election, but he did not run in either the special or the general elections.

Oregon (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate special election in Oregon

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1938 (regular) →
 
Nominee Alexander G. Barry Robert A. Miller
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 180,815 152,773
Percentage 54.20% 45.80%

County results

Barry:      50-60%      60-70%

Miller:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election

Alfred E. Reames
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Guy Cordon
Republican

Republican Alexander G. Barry was elected to finish the term, but was not a candidate for the next term.

Oregon special election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Alexander G. Barry 180,815 54.20%
Democratic Robert A. Miller 152,773 45.80%
None Scattering 3 0.00%
Majority 28,042 8.40%
Turnout 333,591
Republican gain from Democratic

Oregon (regular)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Oregon

← 1938 (special) November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Rufus C. Holman Willis Mahoney
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 203,120 167,135
Percentage 54.86% 45.14%

County results

Holman:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%

Mahoney:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election

Alfred Reames
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Rufus C. Holman
Republican

Oregon general election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rufus C. Holman 203,120 54.86%
Democratic Willis Mahoney 167,135 45.14%
None Scattering 6 0.00%
Majority 35,985 9.72%
Turnout 370,261
Republican gain from Democratic

Pennsylvania

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee James J. Davis George Howard Earle III
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 2,086,931 1,694,367
Percentage 54.70% 44.41%

County Results:
Davis:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%
Earle:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election

James J. Davis
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

James J. Davis
Republican

General election results[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James J. Davis (incumbent) 2,086,931 54.70%
Democratic George H. Earle 1,694,367 44.41%
Socialist David H. H. Felix 20,155 0.53%
Prohibition Forest S. Van Valin 9,327 0.24%
Pathfinders Reginald B. Naugle 2,508 0.07%
Communist Pat Toohey 1,530 0.04%
None Scattering 104 0.00%
Majority 392,564 10.29%
Turnout 3,814,922
Republican hold

South Carolina

[edit]
1938 Democratic Senate primary election in South Carolina

← 1932 August 30, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Ellison D. Smith Olin D. Johnston
Party Democratic Democratic
Popular vote 186,579 150,437
Percentage 55.36% 44.64%

County results
Smith:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Johnston:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Ellison D. Smith
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Ellison D. Smith
Democratic

South Carolina election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ellison D. Smith (Incumbent) 45,351 98.89%
Republican J. D. E. Meyer 508 1.11%
None Scattering 2 0.00%
Majority 44,843 97.78%
Turnout 45,861
Democratic hold

South Dakota

[edit]

There were 2 elections for the same seat due to the December 20, 1936, death of three-term Republican Peter Norbeck. Democrat Herbert Hitchcock was appointed December 29, 1936, to continue the term, pending a special election.

South Dakota (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate special election in South Dakota

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Gladys Pyle John T. McCullen
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 155,292 112,177
Percentage 58.06% 41.94%

County results
Pyle:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
McCullen:      50–60%
Tie:      50%
No Vote:      

U.S. senator before election

Herbert E. Hitchcock
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Gladys Pyle
Republican

South Dakota election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gladys Pyle 155,292 58.06%
Democratic John T. McCullen 112,177 41.94%
Majority 43,115 16.12%
Turnout 267,469
Republican gain from Democratic

South Dakota (regular)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in South Dakota

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Chan Gurney Tom Berry
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 146,813 133,064
Percentage 52.46% 47.54%

County results
Gurney:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Berry:      50–60%      60–70%
No Vote:      

U.S. senator before election

Herbert E. Hitchcock
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Chan Gurney
Republican

Hitchcock lost the Democratic May 3, 1938, primary for the next term to Governor of South Dakota Tom Berry.[14]

South Dakota general election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John Chandler Gurney[15] 146,813 52.46%
Democratic Tom Berry 133,064 47.54%
Majority 13,749 4.92%
Turnout 279,877
Republican gain from Democratic

Tennessee (special)

[edit]
1938 United States Senate special election in Tennessee

← 1936 November 8, 1938 1942 →
 
Nominee Tom Stewart Harvey G. Fowler
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 194,028 72,098
Percentage 70.50% 26.20%

Senator before election

George L. Berry
Democratic

Elected Senator

Tom Stewart
Democratic

Tennessee special election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Tom Stewart 194,028 70.50%
Republican Harley G. Fowler 72,098 26.20%
Independent John Randolph Neal Jr. 9,106 3.31%
Majority 21,930 44.30%
Turnout 275,232
Democratic hold

Utah

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Utah

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Elbert D. Thomas Franklin S. Harris
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 102,353 81,071
Percentage 55.80% 44.20%

County results
Thomas:      50–60%      60–70%
Harris:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Elbert D. Thomas
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Elbert D. Thomas
Democratic

Utah election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Elbert D. Thomas (Incumbent) 102,353 55.80%
Republican Franklin S. Harris 81,071 44.20%
Majority 21,282 11.60%
Turnout 183,424
Democratic hold

Vermont

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Vermont

← 1934 November 8, 1938 (1938-11-08) 1940 →
 
Nominee Ernest W. Gibson Sr. John McGrath
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 73,990 38,673
Percentage 65.7% 34.3%

U.S. senator before election

Ernest W. Gibson Sr.
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Ernest W. Gibson Sr.
Republican

Vermont election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Ernest Willard Gibson (Incumbent) 73,990 65.58%
Democratic John McGrath 38,673 34.28%
None Scattering 161 0.14%
Majority 35,317 31.30%
Turnout 112,824
Republican hold

Washington

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Washington

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Homer Bone Ewing D. Colvin
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 371,535 220,204
Percentage 62.62% 37.12%

Results by county
Bone:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Colvin:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Homer Bone
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Homer Bone
Democratic

Washington election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Homer Bone (Incumbent) 371,535 62.62%
Republican Ewing D. Colvin 220,204 37.12%
Socialist Labor Eugene Solie 1,553 0.26%
Majority 151,331 25.50%
Turnout 593,292
Democratic hold

Wisconsin

[edit]
1938 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

← 1932 November 8, 1938 1944 →
 
Nominee Alexander Wiley Herman L. Ekern F. Ryan Duffy
Party Republican Progressive Democratic
Popular vote 446,770 249,209 231,976
Percentage 47.66% 26.58% 24.74%

County results
Wiley:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Ekern:      40–50%
Duffy:      30–40%      40–50%

U.S. senator before election

F. Ryan Duffy
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Alexander Wiley
Republican

Wisconsin election[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Alexander Wiley 416,770 45.92%
Progressive Herman Ekern 249,209 27.46%
Democratic F. Ryan Duffy (Incumbent) 231,976 25.56%
Townsend John B. Chapple 7,251 0.80%
Independent Communist Fred Basset Blair 1,283 0.14%
Independent Socialist Labor Party (United States) Joseph Erhardt 1,014 0.11%
None Scattering 31 0.00%
Majority 167,561 18.46%
Turnout 907,534
Republican gain from Democratic

Further reading

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c On the day of the special election, the interim appointee, Dixie Bibb Graves had resigned and been replaced by a new interim appointee — J. Lister Hill — who then won the special election ("Hold") and was re-elected in November ("Re-elected").
  2. ^ Appointee elected
  3. ^ Rev. Herman J. Hahn, of Buffalo, ran also for Lieutenant Governor in 1928 and 1936.
  4. ^ O. Martin Olson, of Jamestown, ran also for Comptroller in 1934

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 1939 Britannica Book of the Year, "Democratic Party". pp. 205–206.
  2. ^ LIFE. Time Inc. 1994. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-88682-602-4. ISSN 0024-3019. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  3. ^ Murphy, Paul (1974). Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate - Special D Primary Race - Jan 04, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate - Special Election Race - Apr 26, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1938" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
  7. ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  8. ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 13, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  9. ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  10. ^ a b Hagerty, James A. (September 30, 1938). "DEWEY NOMINATED BY REPUBLICANS; ATTACKES TAMMANY; CHOICE BY ACCLAMATION Dewey Defends Decision to Run Points to Prosecuting Staff HAILED IN OVATION Prosecutor Promises to Rid State of 'Corruption' in 'Bigger Job' O'Brian and Corsi Nominated for Senate--A. V. McDermott for Attorney General DEWEY NOMINATED BY REPUBLICANS Republican Mayor Gets Bid to Inauguration Delay in Completing Ticket Criticizes Farm Legislation Politics the Biggest Racket". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  11. ^ a b Warren Moscow (October 1, 1938). "LEHMAN IS DRAFTED FOR FOURTH TERM; HE ATTACKS DEWEY; POLETTI ON TICKET Yielding to Pleas to Run, Governor Insists on Justice as Aide CALLS RIVAL UNQUALIFIED Rochester Platform Hits Republican's Crime Issue--Wagner, Mead Are Nominated Calls Dewey Inexperienced Dewey Crime Speech a Factor LEHMAN DRAFTED FOR FOURTH TERM Platform Strong for New Deal La Guardia a Meed Champion Farley Predicts a Big Victory Hailed as". The New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Hagerty, James A. (October 4, 1938). "LABORITES NAME LEHMAN WAGNER; ADOPT PLATFORM; OVATION FOR BOTH Governor, Accepting, Stresses Policy of Law Enforcement POLETTI ALSO NOMINATED Endorsement Efforts Fall Wagner Cites Record La Guardia is Acclaimed as He Urges Candidates Friendly to Roosevelt LABORITIES NAME LEHMAN, WAGNER Yields to Dubinsky Lehman Is Acclaimed Hillman Offers Wagner's Name Vladeck in Seconding Speech". The New York Times. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
  13. ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - SD US Senate - D Primary Race - May 03, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - SD US Senate - R Primary Race - May 03, 1938". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 17, 2020.