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Høyanger

Coordinates: 61°11′17″N 05°53′44″E / 61.18806°N 5.89556°E / 61.18806; 5.89556
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the municipality in Sogn, Norway. For the village in Høyanger municipality, see Høyanger (village).
Høyanger Municipality
Høyanger kommune
Municipality
View of the Høyanger valley from the mountain Havren
View of the Høyanger valley from the mountain Havren
Flag of Høyanger Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Høyanger Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestland within Norway
Vestland within Norway
Høyanger within Vestland
Høyanger within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°11′17″N 05°53′44″E / 61.18806°N 5.89556°E / 61.18806; 5.89556
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSogn
Established1 Jan 1964
 • Preceded byKyrkjebø and Lavik
Administrative centreHøyanger
Government
 • Mayor (2011)Petter Sortland (Ap)
Area
 • Total1,000.94 km2 (386.47 sq mi)
 • Land927.62 km2 (358.16 sq mi)
 • Water73.30 km2 (28.30 sq mi)  7.3%
 • Rank#115 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total3,949
 • Rank#202 in Norway
 • Density4.3/km2 (11/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −6.5%
DemonymHøyangring[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4638[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Høyanger (Norwegian: [ˈhœ̂ʏɑŋər] ⓘ) is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center is the village of Høyanger. Other villages in Høyanger municipality include Austreim, Bjordal, Kyrkjebø, Lavik, Ortnevik, and Vadheim.

Høyanger is known for having one of the first industrial towns in Norway to use its steep mountains surrounding the town giving excellent conditions for producing hydroelectricity needed for electrolysis. The main product being produced in the village of Høyanger was aluminium.

The 1,001-square-kilometre (386 sq mi) municipality is the 115th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Høyanger is the 202nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,949. The municipality's population density is 4.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

General information

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View of Bjordal Church
View of Høyanger Church

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. The municipality of Høyanger was created on 1 January 1964 when the old municipalities of Kyrkjebø and Lavik were merged to form a single municipality.[6]

On 1 January 2020, the Nessane area of neighboring Balestrand Municipality was merged into Høyanger (and the rest of Balestrand was merged into a new, larger Sogndal Municipality).[7] Also on that date, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

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The municipality is named Høyanger (Old Norse: Høyjangr) after the old name of an arm of the Sognefjorden that is now called the Høyangsfjorden. The first element is derived from the word hey which means "hay". The last element is angr which means "bay" or "inlet". Thus the name is probably referring to the green hillsides along the fjord.[8]

Coat of arms

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The coat of arms was granted on 15 May 1987. The official blazon is "Azure, three flames in bend argent" (Norwegian: På blå grunn tre sølv flammer i skrå rekkje). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a set of three flames lined up diagonally. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The flames were chosen as a symbol for the local aluminium industry. Aluminium is melted and purified in the village of Høyanger, due to the cheap hydroelectric energy that is locally available. The colors represent waterpower (blue) and aluminium (silver). The arms were designed by Inge Rotevatn. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

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The Church of Norway has four parishes(sokn) within the municipality of Høyanger. It is part of the Sunnfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Høyanger
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Bjordal og Ortnevik Bjordal Church Bjordal 1906
Ortnevik Church Ortnevik 1925
Høyanger Høyanger Church Høyanger 1960
Kyrkjebø Kyrkjebø Church Kyrkjebø 1869
Vadheim Chapel Vadheim 1916
Lavik Lavik Church Lavik 1865

Government

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Høyanger Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

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The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Høyanger is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Høyanger kommunestyre 2023–2027 [13]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 2
  Red Party (Raudt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 2019–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Red Party (Raudt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Red Party (Raudt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 2011–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Red Party (Raudt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 2007–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 2003–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Coastal Party (Kystpartiet) 2
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Høyanger kommunestyre 1999–2003 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:29
Høyanger kommunestyre 1995–1999 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 14
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:29
Høyanger kommunestyre 1991–1995 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
 Common list (Samlingslista)2
Total number of members:29
Høyanger kommunestyre 1987–1991 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
 Common list (Samlingslista)2
Total number of members:29
Høyanger kommunestyre 1983–1987 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Red Electoral Alliance (Raud Valallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Common list (Samlingslista)3
Total number of members:35
Høyanger kommunestyre 1979–1983 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 18
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Common list (Samlingslista)1
Total number of members:35
Høyanger kommunestyre 1975–1979 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Liberal Party (Venstre), and New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 5
 Common list in Høyanger (Samlingslista i Høyanger)3
 Non-party list in Høyanger (Upolitisk Liste i Høyanger)5
Total number of members:35
Høyanger kommunestyre 1971–1975 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 5
 Socialist common list (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)3
Total number of members:35
Høyanger kommunestyre 1967–1971 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:35
Høyanger kommunestyre 1963–1967 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 18
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 9
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:35

Mayors

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The mayors (Nynorsk: ordførar) of Høyanger:[26]

  • 1964-1967: Albert Hellem (Ap)
  • 1968-1975: Einar Lavik (Ap)
  • 1976-1991: Arvid Lillehauge (Ap)
  • 1991-1992: Bodil Bye Stavang (Ap)
  • 1992-1995: Liv Lønne (Ap)
  • 1996-2011: Kjartan Longva (Ap)
  • 2011–present: Petter Sortland (Ap)

Geography

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  • View of the village of Høyanger
    View of the village of Høyanger
  • Construction of the Ikjefjord bridge
    Construction of the Ikjefjord bridge
  • View of the Fuglsetfjorden
    View of the Fuglsetfjorden
  • View from Ortnevik, looking at the fjord
    View from Ortnevik, looking at the fjord

The Sognefjorden (the largest fjord in Norway) runs through the center of the municipality. Høyanger is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Fjaler and Sunnfjord, to the east by Sogndal and Vik, to the south by Modalen and Masfjorden, and to the west by Gulen and Hyllestad.

Høyanger municipality covers an area of about 910 square kilometres (350 sq mi). Stølsheimen Nature Reserve was created in 1990 in Høyanger. Its 367 square kilometres (142 sq mi) area stretches from high mountaintops through fertile valleys and sweeps over steep meadows down to the fjord. Høyanger is perhaps best known for its mountain farms and lakes. From the village of Ortnevik there are marked footpaths up to Stølsheimen Park and from the village of Bjordal you may drive up the Stordal road to the summit at 730 metres (2,400 ft) above sea level.

Economy

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Høyanger is a modern industrial community which has grown in pace with the principal employers being Hydro Aluminium and Høyanger Metallverk. Hydroelectricity has played a major role in the development of the area. In addition to manufacturing aluminium, Høyanger supports a varied range of light industry that is backed by retail and service trades. In the rural areas bordering the fjord, farming is the main source of livelihood.[27] There are currently 115 traditional farms gårds in the municipality. Each traditional farms originally had one owner, but most of them have been divided up and sold off over the years, and so there are more than 115 farms in use today.

Transportation

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There are good connections with Oslo and Bergen by bus, as well as air and fast boat services. The nearest airport is in Førde, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) away. The village of Lavik is an important junction for traffic to and from Bergen as it is a ferry port that is part of the European route E39 highway. Høyanger is reached from the neighboring municipality of Balestrand to the east by the Høyangertunnelen which is 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) in length. It is part of the Norwegian County Road 55. It is one of the longest tunnels in Europe. Good ferry services across the Sognefjorden link the northern and southern sides of the municipality.[27]

Attractions

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In 1986, in Høyanger, Norsk Hydro Aluminium/Høyanger Metallverk opened a museum designed to show what water power has meant both locally and to Norway as a whole. Visitors will get to learn about how the aluminium industry has grown and prospered in the area thanks to the vast energy produced by water.

Near Vadheim is an 18th-century stone bridge called the Ytredal Bridge. It is a popular tourist attraction.

There is also a 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge funicular railway in the area, first opened in 1953.[28]

Notable people

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Einar Førde, 2015
Marit Tusvik, 2017

References

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  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. ^ Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet (10 December 2018). "Vedtak om grensejustering mellom kommunane Balestrand og Høyanger". Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  8. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 180.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. 7 April 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Hoyanger, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 15 May 1987. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  12. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  15. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Sogn og Fjordane". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Ordførarar i Høyanger kommune". NRK Fylkesleksikon (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  27. ^ a b Høyanger Kommune (2008). "Høyanger is a modern industrial community". Retrieved 11 June 2008.[permanent dead link]
  28. ^ Funiculars.net - Høyanger
  29. ^ Noralv Teigen at IMDb. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
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