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Volkswagen Passat (B2)

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Volkswagen Passat (B2)
Volkswagen Passat B2 Hatchback (1980–1985)
Overview
Also called
Production
  • 1981–1988
  • 1983–1985 (China; CKD)
  • 1985–2013 (China; full production)[1][2]
Assembly
DesignerLuca Rezzonico
Body and chassis
ClassMid-size car / Large family car (D)
Body style2-door saloon/sedan (Latin America)
3/5-door fastback/hatchback
4-door saloon/sedan (Santana)
5-door estate/wagon
LayoutLongitudinal front engine,
front-wheel drive or
four-wheel drive
PlatformVolkswagen Group B2
RelatedAudi 80 (B2)
Ford Versailles
Ford Royale
Volkswagen Quantum
Volkswagen Santana
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,550 mm (100.4 in)[4]
Length3/5d: 4,435 mm (174.6 in)[4]
Variant: 4,540 mm (178.7 in)[4]
Santana: 4,545 mm (178.9 in)[4]
Width1,685 mm (66.3 in)[4]
Santana: 1,695 mm (66.7 in)[4]
facelifted Santana: 1,710 mm (67.3 in)
Height1,385 mm (54.5 in)[4]
Santana: 1,400 mm (55.1 in)[4]
54.8 in (1,392 mm) (GL)
58 in (1,473 mm) (GL Syncro)
facelifted Santana: 1,427 mm (56.2 in)
Chronology
PredecessorVolkswagen Passat (B1)
SuccessorVolkswagen Passat (B3)

The Volkswagen Passat (B2) is an automobile which was produced by German manufacturer Volkswagen from 1981 to 1988. It was the second generation of the Volkswagen Passat, which platform was slightly longer than the preceding Passat (B1). As with the previous generation, it was based on the platform of the Audi 80; the corresponding B2 version of which had been already launched in 1978. The Santana was also manufactured in China, Brazil, Mexico (as the Corsar, from 1984 and 1988) and Argentina (as the Carat between 1987 and 1991). In Brazil, the Santana station wagon was sold as the Quantum. In the United States, both the Santana sedan and station wagon were sold as the Quantum. The Passat saloon and estate were produced in South Africa for their local market until 1987. The production of Passat B2 in China ended in January 2013.[2]

History

[edit]

The body configurations for the Passat B2 included hatchback, Variant (estate/wagon), and a three-box saloon which, until the 1985 facelift, was marketed as the Volkswagen Santana in Europe. In most markets, the equipment levels were renamed from L/LS/GLS to CL/GL/CD. The four-wheel drive Syncro Variant was introduced in April 1984, initially only with the 2-litre five-cylinder engine. In August, the more powerful 2.2-litre option was added.

Like the previous generation, the B2 Passat was mainly sold with four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. Unlike its predecessor, however, top-of the line versions received five-cylinder Audi or VW engines of 1.9–2.2 litres.[3][5] In addition to four- and five-speed manuals and three-speed automatic gearboxes, the Passat/Santana was also available with Volkswagen's interesting 4+E transmission. This, also called the "Formel E", had an overdrive fourth and an even taller fifth gear, which combined with a freewheeling mechanism to provide better gas mileage but less impressive performance. Originally, this was the only five-speed transmission offered with the Passat B2.[6] An automatic stop/start was also available in some markets.

The four-wheel drive system used in the Passat Variant Syncro shared the mechanics of the Audi 80 quattro rather than the Volkswagen Golf Syncro. When first shown, at the 1983 Frankfurt Motor Show, the car was meant to be called the "Passat Tetra".[7] The Syncro's bottom plate was almost entirely different, requiring a transmission tunnel, a relocated gas tank, and no spare tire well (to make room for the complex rear axle assembly). Unlike the related Audi 80 quattro which used a reversed front wheel setup, the rear-axle was an adapted Volkswagen Transporter unit which enabled retaining a flat loading floor. Only the more popular estate was deemed worthy of reengineering, so as to not offer direct competition with the sedan-only Audi 80 quattro.[7] Syncro was also available in the American market, only with the five-cylinder engine.

  • Pre-facelift Passat B2 5-door hatchback
    Pre-facelift Passat B2 5-door hatchback
  • 1982 Passat B2 Variant
    1982 Passat B2 Variant
  • Volkswagen Passat B2 three-door hatchback (Europe)
    Volkswagen Passat B2 three-door hatchback (Europe)

IRVW II

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The IRVW II is a modified Passat B2 from 1980. It was built for research on fuel economy in automobiles.

1985 Facelift

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In January 1985, the range received a facelift with revised bumpers, interior, and front grille. The hatchbacks versions also received a new rear design, with broad and slim taillights replacing the earlier tall and skinny units. It also has a small integrated spoiler at the rear, and a flush-mounted rear windshield for lower wind resistance and a less cluttered appearance.[8] The three-door hatchback was discontinued while the separate Santana nameplate was dropped in Europe. The saloon's name as well as the front end were now the same as the hatchback and estate, and the small price increase for the sedan was eliminated.[9] The Passat GT was a new model, available as a liftback or station wagon. The Variant was now also available with the smallest 1.3-liter engine.[9]

The Passat Variant Syncro, after a few months in production in the pre-facelift design, was also updated along with the rest of the line. Its equipment and appearance was now aligned with the GT trim, including the alloy wheels.[8] All five-cylinder Passats received power steering as standard equipment, to minimize the effects of this engine's greater weight.[8] Equipment levels were increased somewhat but were still spartan, even by the standard of the time. The mid-level Passat CL only now received indicator lights for the parking brake and brake fluid level, but these were still not installed in the Passat C.[10] In August 1985 a catalyzed version of the 2.2-liter five-cylinder Syncro was introduced, producing 120 PS (88 kW). In January 1986 the Syncro programme was further expanded with a C model, fitted with the catalyzed 90 PS (66 kW) 1.8-liter inline-four engine.

On 31 March 1988 production ended (although Syncro models continued in production until June) with 3,345,248 built in Germany. World production totaled approximately 4.5 million units.

  • Facelifted Passat hatchback
    Facelifted Passat hatchback
  • rear view
    rear view
  • Facelifted Passat Variant GT (Germany)
    Facelifted Passat Variant GT (Germany)
  • Passat CL sedan - after the facelift, the "Santana" badge was no longer used on the sedans
    Passat CL sedan - after the facelift, the "Santana" badge was no longer used on the sedans

Quantum (United States)

[edit]

In the United States (this generation was not sold in Canada), the Passat/Santana was marketed as the Volkswagen Quantum beginning with the 1982 model year. The federalized model was, as is typical, fitted with much larger bumpers and sealed beam headlights as well as side marker lights. Various emission controls also added to the cars' overall weight. The add-ons increased the Quantum's wind resistance to drag coefficient of Cd=0.41.[11] The Quantum was available in three-door hatchback (marketed as a "Coupe" and accordingly fitted with a rear spoiler), four-door Sedan, and Wagon forms. The five-door hatchback was never marketed in the US and the three-door hatchback was dropped after less than two years. There was a standard model and an available GL option, which added power windows, locks, and mirrors, as well as rear headrests, cruise control, and other extras.[11] The 2.1-liter five-cylinder engine was introduced for 1983 as the Quantum GL-5. The Syncro station wagon was only offered with this engine.

The original engine used in the Quantum was the 1.7-liter inline-four also used in many other Volkswagens and Audis (as well as the Dodge Omni/Plymouth Horizon); there was no diesel option at first. The fuel injected 1.7 produces 74 hp (55 kW) at 5,000 rpm and was coupled to the high-geared 4+E transmission or to a three-speed automatic. While extremely fuel efficient at steady highway speeds, the tall gearing meant the somewhat underpowered engine had to work hard in most American conditions and real world fuel economy was not impressive in period tests.[12] This changed with the 1983 model year, when the 2.1-liter, five-cylinder GL-5 version was added to the lineup (displacing 2144 cc, this was usually referred to as a "2.2" in Volkswagen's promotional material). The turbodiesel engine was mentioned as soon to be introduced in the 1983 catalog, but it would not go on sale for about two more years. The 1.7 was discontinued at the end of this year, in favor of Volkswagen's 1.8-liter version of the same engine with 88 hp (66 kW) at 5,500 rpm (only available on the Quantum Wagon).[3] For 1985, the long promised 1.6-liter turbodiesel with 68 hp (51 kW) at 5,500 rpm was added to the GL sedan and the five-cylinder gasoline engine was enlarged to 2.2 liters and 110 hp (82 kW) at 5,500 rpm.[13] For 1986, only the five-cylinder Quantum GL sedan remained available. For 1987 the Quantum received European-style composite headlamps and the wagon made a comeback, now equipped as the GL Sedan but also available with the Syncro all-wheel drive system. The lineup remained unchanged for 1988, the Quantum's final year on sale.

  • 1982–1985 Volkswagen Quantum GL Wagon
    1982–1985 Volkswagen Quantum GL Wagon
  • Volkswagen Quantum Wagon, facelift model
    Volkswagen Quantum Wagon, facelift model

Engines

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Petrol

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Model Mixture formation Cylinder Displacementcm³ Max. powerkW (PS) at RPM Max. torqueNm at RPM Engine

code

Catalytic converter Production period notes
1.3 carburetor 4 1272 40 (55) / 5800 90 / 3400 FY – 10/1980–07/1983
44 (60) / 5800 95 / 3800 FZ Export models
1296 44 (60) / 5600 100 / 3500 EP – 08/1983–07/1986
1.6 carburetor 4 1588 48 (65) / 5000 115 / 3000 WP – 10/1980–12/1981 For countries with lower octane fuel
51 (70) / 5600 121 / 3000 YY 10/1980–07/1981 For Austria
51 (70) / 5200 123 / 3200 WVA 08/1981–07/1983
55 (75) / 5600 119 / 3000 WY 11/1980–07/1983 For Switzerland and Sweden
121 / 3200 YN 10/1980–07/1981
121 / 3200 WV 08/1981–07/1983
63 (85) / 5600 127 / 3200 YP 02/1981–12/1982
carburetor 4 1595 51 (70) / 5200 118 / 2700 PP G-Kat 03/1987–03/1988
53 (72) / 5200 120 / 2700 RL U-Kat 04/1986–03/1988
55 (75) / 5500 125 / 2500 JU – 08/1983–07/1987
55 (75) / 5000 DT 08/1983–03/1988
1.7 carburetor 4 1715 55 (74 hp) / 5000 122 / 3000 WT G-Kat 08/1981–07/1983 Only for the USA
1.8 carburetor 4 1781 64 (87) / 5000 143 / 3200 RM U-Kat 10/1986–03/1988
66 (90) / 5200 145 / 3300 DS – 01/1983–03/1988
JV 08/1983–12/1987
KE-Jetronic 66 (90) / 5500 137 / 3250 JN G-Kat 01/1984–03/1988
66 (88 hp) / 5500 130 / 3250 08/1983–07/1985 USA (Quantum)
K-Jetronic 82 (112) / 5800 160 / 3500 DZ – 03/1984–12/1984
1.9 carburetor 5 1921 85 (115) / 5900 154 / 3700 WN – 10/1980–07/1983
2.0 K-Jetronic 5 1994 83 (113) / 5400 160 / 3200 SK U-Kat 04/1986–11/1986
85 (115) / 5400 JS – 08/1983–03/1988
HP 08/1983–03/1988 with EGR; for Switzerland and Sweden
MPI 103 (140) / 6400 175 / 4800 JD G-Kat 01/1987–10/1989 20 valves; only for Japan
2.1 K-Jetronic 5 2144 85 (115) / 5300 168 / 4000 WE - 04/1981–07/1983 with EGR; for Switzerland and Sweden
75 (100 hp) / 5500 152 / 3000 G-Kat 08/1982–07/1984 USA (Quantum)
2.2 KE-Jetronic 5 2226 85 (115) / 5500 165 / 2500 KX G-Kat 08/1985–03/1988
82 (110 hp) / 5500 08/1984–1988 USA (Quantum)
K-Jetronic 100 (136) / 5700 184 / 3550 KV – 01/1985–03/1988
HY 08/1984–03/1988 with EGR; for Switzerland and Sweden
KE-Jetronic 88 (120) / 5500 170 / 3000 JT G-Kat 08/1985–07/1988 Only for Syncro
86 (115 hp) / 5500 171 / 3000 08/1986–1988 USA (Quantum GL Syncro)

Diesel

[edit]
Model Intake Charging Cylinder Displacement cm³ Max. powerkW (PS) at RPM Max. torqueNm at RPM Engine

code

Production period notes
1.6 D Naturally Aspirated 4 1588 40 (54) / 4800 102 / 2000 CR 10/1980–07/1982
40 (54) / 4800 100 / 2300 JK 08/1982–03/1988
1.6 TD Exhaust gas Turbocharger 51 (70) / 4500 133 / 2500 CY 08/1981–03/1988
51 (70) / 4500 133 / 2800 MD 08/1984–07/1985 Only for the USA
1.6 TD (LLK) Exhaust gas Turbocharger with intercooler 59 (80) / 4500 155 / 2600 RA 05/1986–03/1988 only installed in test vehicles, later in the Golf II

References

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  1. ^ "Santana Variant in China". 18 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b "再见了 普桑" [Goodbye, Santana Sedan] (in Chinese). CCTV News. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
  3. ^ a b c Flammang, James M. (1994). Standard Catalog of Imported Cars, 1946-1990. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, Inc. pp. 639–642. ISBN 0-87341-158-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Auto Katalog 1983. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1982. pp. 206–207.
  5. ^ World Cars 1982. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. 1982. pp. 135–137. ISBN 0-910714-14-2.
  6. ^ Sundfeldt, Björn (1982-06-02). "Klasskamp" [Class Struggle]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol. 34, no. 12. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. pp. 22–23.
  7. ^ a b Verhelle, Tony (13 October 1983). "Frankfurt: vervolg en slot" [Frankfurt continued]. De AutoGids (in Flemish). 5 (106). Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine: 36–37.
  8. ^ a b c Visart, Etienne, ed. (1985-02-07). "De Volkswagen Passat 1985" [The 1985 Volkswagen Passat]. De AutoGids (in Flemish). 6 (140). Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine: 12.
  9. ^ a b Visart, ed., p. 11
  10. ^ Visart, ed., p. 13
  11. ^ a b Nagy, Bob (November 1982). "A pair of tasty tourers for middle-class sybarites". Motor Trend. Vol. 34, no. 11. Petersen Publishing Co. p. 49.
  12. ^ Nagy, p. 56
  13. ^ 1985 Quantum (brochure), Volkswagen North America, 1984, p. 11, archived from the original on 2022-11-23 – via A2Resource
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