Regions of France

Regions of France
*Régions* (French)
Regions of France; Régions (French)
Also known as:; Rannvroioù Bro-C'hall (Breton), Règion francêsa (Arpitan), Region francesa (Occitan), Regió francesa (Catalan);
	Hauts-de-; France Normandy Île-de-; France Grand Est Bourgogne-; Franche-; Comté Centre-; Val de Loire Pays de ; la Loire Brittany Nouvelle-; Aquitaine Auvergne-; Rhône-Alpes Occitania Provence-; Alpes-; Côte d'Azur Corsica French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Belgium Luxembourg Germany Switzerland Liechtenstein Italy Monaco United Kingdom Andorra Brazil Suriname Spain Channel Bay of; Biscay Ligurian; Sea Mediterranean; Sea
Category	Unitary state
Location	French Republic
Number	18
Possible status	Overseas region (région d'outre-mer) (5);
Additional status	Territorial collectivity (collectivité territoriale);
Populations	279,471 (Mayotte) – 12,997,058 (Île-de-France)
Areas	376 km2 (145 sq mi) (Mayotte) – 84,061 km2 (32,456 sq mi) (Nouvelle-Aquitaine)
Government	Regional Government, National Government;
Subdivisions	Department;

France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (French: régions, singular région [ʁeʒjɔ̃]), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).^[1]

All of the thirteen metropolitan administrative regions (including Corsica as of 2019^[update]) are further subdivided into two to thirteen administrative departments, with the prefect of each region's administrative centre's department also acting as the regional prefect. The overseas regions administratively consist of only one department each and hence also have the status of overseas departments.

Most administrative regions also have the status of regional territorial collectivities, which comes with a local government, with departmental and communal collectivities below the region level. The exceptions are Corsica, French Guiana, Mayotte and Martinique, where region and department functions are managed by single local governments having consolidated jurisdiction and which are known as single territorial collectivities.

History

1982–2015

The term région was officially created by the Law of Decentralisation (2 March 1982), which also gave regions their legal status. The first direct elections for regional representatives took place on 16 March 1986.^[2]

Between 1982 and 2015, there were 22 regions in Metropolitan France. Before 2011, there were four overseas regions (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion); in 2011 Mayotte became the fifth.

**Regions of France between 2011 and 2015**
Nord-Pas de Calais Picardy Upper Normandy Île-de- France Champagne- Ardenne Lorraine Alsace Franche- Comté Burgundy Centre- Val de Loire Pays de la Loire Brittany Lower Normandy Poitou- Charentes Limousin Auvergne Rhône- Alpes Aquitaine Midi-Pyrénées Languedoc- Roussillon Provence- Alpes- Côte d'Azur Corsica French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Belgium Luxembourg Germany Switzerland Italy United Kingdom Andorra Brazil Suriname Spain Monaco Channel Bay of Biscay Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea

Regions in Metropolitan France between 1982 and 2015
Region	French name	Other local name(s)	INSEE No.^[3]	Capital	Derivation or etymology
Alsace	Alsace	Alsatian: Elsàss German: Elsass	42	Strasbourg	Formerly a coalition of free cities in Holy Roman Empire, attached to Kingdom of France in 1648; annexed by Germany from Franco-Prussian war to the end of World War I and briefly during World War II
Aquitaine	Aquitaine	Occitan: Aquitània Basque: Akitania Saintongeais : Aguiéne	72	Bordeaux	Guyenne and Gascony
Auvergne	Auvergne	Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha	83	Clermont-Ferrand	Former province of Auvergne
Brittany	Bretagne	Breton: Breizh Gallo: Bertaèyn	53	Rennes	Duchy of Brittany
Burgundy	Bourgogne	Burgundian: Bregogne / Borgoégne Arpitan: Borgogne	26	Dijon	Duchy of Burgundy
Centre-Val de Loire^[4]	Centre-Val de Loire		24	Orléans	Located in north-central France; straddles the middle of the Loire Valley
Champagne-Ardenne	Champagne-Ardenne		21	Châlons-en- Champagne	Former province of Champagne
Corsica	Corse		94	Ajaccio
Franche-Comté	Franche-Comté	Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté Arpitan: Franche-Comtât	43	Besançon	Free County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté)
Île-de-France	Île-de-France		11	Paris	Province of Île-de-France and parts of the former province of Champagne
Languedoc-Roussillon	Languedoc-Roussillon	Occitan: Lengadòc-Rosselhon Catalan: Llenguadoc-Rosselló	91	Montpellier	Former provinces of Languedoc and Roussillon
Limousin	Limousin	Occitan: Lemosin	74	Limoges	Former province of Limousin and parts of Marche, Berry, Auvergne, Poitou and Angoumois
Lorraine	Lorraine	German: Lothringen Lorraine Franconian: Lottringe	41	Metz	Named for Charlemagne's son Lothair I, the kingdom of Lotharingia is etymologically the source for the name Lorraine (duchy), Lothringen (German), Lottringe (Lorraine Franconian)
Lower Normandy	Basse-Normandie	Norman: Basse-Normaundie Breton: Normandi-Izel	25	Caen	Western half of former province of Normandy
Midi-Pyrénées	Midi-Pyrénées	Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus Occitan: Mieidia-Pirenèus	73	Toulouse	None; created for Toulouse
Nord-Pas-de-Calais	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	Picard: Nord-Pas-Calés	31	Lille	Nord and Pas-de-Calais departments
Pays de la Loire	Pays de la Loire	Breton: Broioù al Liger	52	Nantes	None; created for Nantes
Picardy	Picardie		22	Amiens	Former province of Picardy
Poitou-Charentes	Poitou-Charentes	Occitan: Peitau-Charantas Poitevin and Saintongeais : Poetou-Chérentes	54	Poitiers	Former provinces of Angoumois, Aunis, Poitou and Saintonge
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA)	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA)	Provençal: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur (Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur)	93	Marseille	Former historical province of Provence and County of Nice annexed by France in 1860.
Rhône-Alpes	Rhône-Alpes	Arpitan: Rôno-Arpes Occitan: Ròse Aups	82	Lyon	Created for Lyon from Dauphiné and Lyonnais provinces and Savoy
Upper Normandy	Haute-Normandie	Norman: Ĥâote-Normaundie Breton: Normandi-Uhel	23	Rouen	Eastern half of former province of Normandy

Reform and mergers of regions

In 2014, the French parliament passed a law reducing the number of metropolitan regions from 22 to 13 effective 1 January 2016.^[5]

The law gave interim names for most of the new regions by combining the names of the former regions, e.g. the region composed of Aquitaine, Poitou-Charentes and Limousin was temporarily called Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes. However, the combined region of Upper and Lower Normandy was simply called "Normandy" (Normandie). Permanent names were proposed by the new regional councils by 1 July 2016 and new names confirmed by the Conseil d'État by 30 September 2016.^[6]^[7] The legislation defining the new regions also allowed the Centre region to officially change its name to "Centre-Val de Loire" with effect from January 2015.^[8] Two regions, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, opted to retain their interim names.^[9]^[10]

Overview of merger proposals for the metropolitan territory
Édouard Balladur's proposal
Manuel Valls's proposal A
Manuel Valls's proposal B
President François Hollande's proposal
Regions as instituted by the National Assembly in 2014

Given below is a table of former regions and which new region they became part of.

Former region		New region
Former region		Interim name	Final name
	Auvergne	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
	Rhône-Alpes	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
	Burgundy	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
	Franche-Comté	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
	Brittany
	Centre-Val de Loire
	Corsica
	French Guiana
	Alsace	Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine	Grand Est
	Champagne-Ardenne
	Lorraine
	Guadeloupe
	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie	Hauts-de-France
	Picardy	Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie	Hauts-de-France
	Île-de-France
	Martinique
	Mayotte
	Lower Normandy	Normandy
	Upper Normandy	Normandy
	Aquitaine	Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
	Limousin
	Poitou-Charentes
	Languedoc-Roussillon	Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées	Occitanie
	Midi-Pyrénées	Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées	Occitanie
	Pays de la Loire
	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
	Réunion

List of administrative regions

Type	Region	Other local name(s)	ISO	INSEE No.^[11]	Capital	Area (km²)	Population^[a]^[12]	Seats in Regional council	Former regions (until 2016)	President of the Regional Council
Metropolitan	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Auvergne-Rhône-Alps)	Occitan: Auvèrnhe-Ròse-Aups Arpitan: Ôvèrgne-Rôno-Arpes	FR-ARA	84	Lyon	69,711	8,042,936	204	Auvergne Rhône-Alpes	Laurent Wauquiez (LR)
Metropolitan	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Burgundy-Free-County)	Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât	FR-BFC	27	Dijon	47,784	2,805,580	100	Burgundy Franche-Comté	Marie-Guite Dufay (PS)
Metropolitan	Bretagne (Brittany)	Breton: Breizh Gallo: Bertaèyn	FR-BRE	53	Rennes	27,208	3,354,854	83	unchanged	Loïg Chesnais-Girard (PS)
Metropolitan	Centre-Val de Loire^[4] (Central-Vale of the Loire)		FR-CVL	24	Orléans	39,151	2,573,180	77	unchanged	François Bonneau (PS)
Metropolitan	Corse (Corsica)	Corsican: Corsica	FR-20R	94	Ajaccio	8,680	340,440	63	unchanged	Jean-Guy Talamoni (CL)
Metropolitan	Grand Est (Greater East)	German: Großer Osten	FR-GES	44	Strasbourg	57,441	5,556,219	169	Alsace Champagne-Ardenne Lorraine	Jean Rottner (LR)
Metropolitan	Hauts-de-France (Heights-of-France)		FR-HDF	32	Lille	31,806	6,004,947	170	Nord-Pas-de-Calais Picardy	Xavier Bertrand (LR)
Metropolitan	Île-de-France (Isle-of-France)	Breton: Enez-Frañs	FR-IDF	11	Paris	12,011	12,262,544	209	unchanged	Valérie Pécresse (LR)
Metropolitan	Normandie (Normandy)	Norman: Normaundie Breton: Normandi	FR-NOR	28	Rouen	29,907	3,325,032	102	Upper Normandy Lower Normandy	Hervé Morin (LC)
Metropolitan	Nouvelle-Aquitaine (New Aquitaine)	Occitan: Nòva Aquitània / Nava Aquitània / Novela Aquitània Basque: Akitania Berria	FR-NAQ	75	Bordeaux	84,036	6,010,289	183	Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes	Alain Rousset (PS)
Metropolitan	Occitanie (Occitania)	Occitan: Occitània Catalan: Occitània	FR-OCC	76	Toulouse	72,724	5,933,185	158	Languedoc-Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées	Carole Delga (PS)
Metropolitan	Pays de la Loire (Lands of the Loire)	Breton: Broioù al Liger	FR-PDL	52	Nantes	32,082	3,806,461	93	unchanged	Christelle Morançais (LR)
Metropolitan	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Provence-Alps-Azure Coast)	Provençal: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur (Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur)	FR-PAC	93	Marseille	31,400	5,081,101	123	unchanged	Renaud Muselier (LR)
Overseas	Guadeloupe	Antillean Creole: Gwadloup	GP	01	Basse-Terre	1,628	384,239	41	unchanged	Ary Chalus (GUSR)
Overseas	Guyane (French Guiana)	French Guianese Creole: Lagwiyann or Gwiyann	GF	03	Cayenne	83,534^[13]	281,678	51	unchanged	Rodolphe Alexandre (PSG)
Overseas	La Réunion (Réunion)	Reunion Creole: La Rényon	RE	04	Saint-Denis	2,504	861,210	45	unchanged	Didier Robert (LR)
Overseas	Martinique	Antillean Creole: Matinik	MQ	02	Fort-de-France	1,128	364,508	51	unchanged	Claude Lise (RDM)
Overseas	Mayotte	Shimaore: Maore Malagasy: Mahori	YT	06	Mamoudzou	374	262,895^[b]^[14]	26	unchanged	Soibahadine Ibrahim Ramadani (LR)
						632,734	68,035,000	1,910

Role

Regions lack separate legislative authority and therefore cannot write their own statutory law. They levy their own taxes and, in return, receive a decreasing^{[clarification needed]} part of their budget from the central government, which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies. They also have considerable budgets managed by a regional council (conseil régional) made up of representatives voted into office in regional elections.

A region's primary responsibility is to build and furnish high schools. In March 2004, the French central government unveiled a controversial plan to transfer regulation of certain categories of non-teaching school staff to the regional authorities. Critics of this plan contended that tax revenue was insufficient to pay for the resulting costs, and that such measures would increase regional inequalities.

In addition, regions have considerable discretionary power over infrastructural spending, e.g., education, public transit, universities and research, and assistance to business owners. This has meant that the heads of wealthy regions such as Île-de-France or Rhône-Alpes can be high-profile positions.

Proposals to give regions limited legislative autonomy have met with considerable resistance; others propose transferring certain powers from the departments to their respective regions, leaving the former with limited authority.

Regional control

Number of regions controlled by each coalition since 1986.

Elections	Presidencies			Map
Elections	Left	Right	Other	Map
1986	5	21	–
1992	4	21	1
1998	10	15	1
2004	23	2	1
2010	23	3	–
2015	7	8	2
2021	6	8	4

Overseas regions

Overseas region (French: Région d'outre-mer) is a recent designation, given to the overseas departments that have similar powers to those of the regions of metropolitan France. As integral parts of the French Republic, they are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council, elect a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and use the euro as their currency.

Although these territories have had these political powers since 1982, when France's decentralisation policy dictated that they be given elected regional councils along with other regional powers, the designation overseas regions dates only to the 2003 constitutional change; indeed, the new wording of the constitution aims to give no precedence to either appellation overseas department or overseas region, although the second is still virtually unused by French media.

The following have overseas region status:

in the Indian Ocean (Africa):
- Mayotte
- Réunion
in the Americas:
- French Guiana in South America
- Guadeloupe in the Antilles (Caribbean)
- Martinique in the Antilles (Caribbean)

^ Saint Pierre and Miquelon (located just south of Newfoundland, Canada, in North America), once an overseas department, was demoted to a territorial collectivity in 1985.

Explanatory notes

^ As of 1 January 2022
^ As of 2017

References

^ "Statistiques locales: France par région" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
^ Jean-Marie Miossec (2009), Géohistoire de la régionalisation en France, Paris: Presses universitaires de France ISBN 978-2-13-056665-6.
^ "Code officiel géographique au 1er janvier 2014: Liste des régions". INSEE.
^ ^a ^b New name as of 17 January 2015; formerly named Centre.
^ La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée, Le Monde, 17 December 2014, accessed 2 January 2015
^ Quel nom pour la nouvelle région ? Vous avez choisi..., Sud-Ouest, 4 December 2014, accessed 2 January 2015
^ "Nouveau nom de la région : dernier jour de vote, Occitanie en tête". midilibre.fr.
^ "Journal officiel of 17 January 2015". Légifrance (in French). 17 January 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
^ "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes : fini la consultation, Laurent Wauquiez a tranché - Place Gre'net". placegrenet.fr. 31 May 2016.
^ "Région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté". www.bourgognefranchecomte.fr.
^ "La nouvelle nomenclature des codes régions" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
^ Populations légales des régions en vigueur au 1er janvier 2022
^ "Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). untstats.un.org. p. 5.
^ Populations légales des communes de Mayotte en 2017

External links

Guide to the regions of France
Local websites by region
Will 2010 regional elections lead to political shake-up? Radio France Internationale in English

Overseas regions

[12] As of 1 January 2022

[15] As of 2017

[INSEE-1] "Statistiques locales: France par région" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[2] Jean-Marie Miossec (2009), Géohistoire de la régionalisation en France, Paris: Presses universitaires de France ISBN 978-2-13-056665-6.

[3] "Code officiel géographique au 1er janvier 2014: Liste des régions". INSEE.

[ReferenceA-4] New name as of 17 January 2015; formerly named Centre.

[5] La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée, Le Monde, 17 December 2014, accessed 2 January 2015

[6] Quel nom pour la nouvelle région ? Vous avez choisi..., Sud-Ouest, 4 December 2014, accessed 2 January 2015

[7] "Nouveau nom de la région : dernier jour de vote, Occitanie en tête". midilibre.fr.

[8] "Journal officiel of 17 January 2015". Légifrance (in French). 17 January 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

[9] "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes : fini la consultation, Laurent Wauquiez a tranché - Place Gre'net". placegrenet.fr. 31 May 2016.

[10] "Région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté". www.bourgognefranchecomte.fr.

[11] "La nouvelle nomenclature des codes régions" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 17 January 2016.

[13] Populations légales des régions en vigueur au 1er janvier 2022

[14] "Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). untstats.un.org. p. 5.

[16] Populations légales des communes de Mayotte en 2017

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[a]

[12]

[13]

[b]

[14]

v t e Regions of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

v t e Administrative regions of France
Current (since 2016)	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Brittany Centre-Val de Loire (Centre Region until 2015) Corsica Grand Est Hauts-de-France Île-de-France Normandy Nouvelle-Aquitaine Occitania Pays de la Loire Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Former (1982–2015)	Alsace Aquitaine Auvergne Burgundy Champagne-Ardenne Franche-Comté Languedoc-Roussillon Limousin Lorraine Lower Normandy Midi-Pyrénées Nord-Pas-de-Calais Picardy Poitou-Charentes Rhône-Alpes Upper Normandy
Overseas regions	French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion
Related articles	Flags Ranked by area/population by GDP by HDI Regional councils

v t e First-level administrative divisions in European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia² Austria Azerbaijan¹ Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus² Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia¹ Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan¹ Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia¹ San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey¹ Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia² Kosovo Northern Cyprus² South Ossetia² Transnistria
Table of administrative divisions by country ¹ Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent. ² Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.