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Emerald, Queensland

Coordinates: 23°31′15″S 148°09′43″E / 23.5208°S 148.1619°E / -23.5208; 148.1619 (Emerald (town centre))
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Emerald
Queensland
Emerald railway station, 2016
Emerald is located in Queensland
Emerald
Emerald
Coordinates23°31′15″S 148°09′43″E / 23.5208°S 148.1619°E / -23.5208; 148.1619 (Emerald (town centre))
Population14,904 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density24.3888/km2 (63.167/sq mi)
Established1879
Postcode(s)4720
Elevation189 m (620 ft)
Area611.1 km2 (235.9 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Central Highlands Region
State electorate(s)Gregory
Federal division(s)Flynn
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
29.4 °C
85 °F		 15.0 °C
59 °F		 541.2 mm
21.3 in
Localities around Emerald:
Fork Lagoons Wyuna Comet
Anakie Siding Emerald Comet
Gindie Gindie Comet

Emerald is a rural town and locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] The town is the headquarters for the Central Highlands Regional Council.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Emerald had a population of 14,904 people.[1]

Geography

[edit]

Emerald lies on the Nogoa River, a tributary of the Fitzroy River.[4] The town lies approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) from the Coral Sea coast and approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) west of the city of Rockhampton by road at the junction of the Capricorn and Gregory highways. Emerald sits approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the Tropic of Capricorn.

History

[edit]

The traditional owners include the Gayiri people who occupied the area for tens of thousands of years before European colonisation began in the nineteenth century. The Gayiri (Kairi, Khararya) language region takes in the landscape of the Central Highlands Region, including Emerald and the Nogoa River.[5]

The first European to explore the area was Ludwig Leichhardt between 1843 and 1845.[4] The British Colony of Queensland was established in 1859.

The town takes its name from the pastoral run Emerald Downs, a name chosen circa 1860 by pastoralist Peter Fitzallan Macdonald. It has been claimed that the origin of that name relates to the finding of the emerald gemstone, but another claim is that it was named for the lush green pastures in the area.[2][6][7]

Emerald was established in 1879 as a base for the Central line railway from Rockhampton.[4] Emerald Post Office opened on 5 June 1879.[8]

Emerald State School opened on 3 November 1879. A secondary department was added to the school in 1919 but that department was closed in 1921. The secondary department reopened in 1959 and operated until the separate Emerald State High School opened in 1969.[9]

St Patrick's Catholic School was established on 31 January 1902 by the Presentation Sisters.[9] They provided a boarding facility for girls and boys from 1906 to 1961. The last of the Presentation Sisters left the school in 1992 after which it was operated by the Rockhampton Catholic Education Office.[10]

Emerald North State School opened on 29 January 1980. A preschool was added on 20 February 1980. A special education unit opened on 23 January 1984. The preschool and special education units closed in 1999.[9]

The Emerald campus of the Capricornia School of Distance Education opened on 1 February 1993.[9]

The new Emerald Library building opened in 1994.[11]

Marist College was established in 1996 by the Marist Brothers.[9][12]

Denison State School opened on 28 January 1997.[9]

In October 1999, as part of the Van Gogh Project, the Big Easel was unveiled in Emerald.[13][14]

Emerald Christian College (also known as Emerald Educational College) opened in 2001.[9]

The visitor information centre opened on 26 September 2005.[15]

In 2007, the Emerald Uniting Church was enlarged by the Uniting congregation at Fernlees when that church was closed.[16][17]

St Brigid's Catholic Primary School was established in 2014 by the Rockhampton Catholic Education Office.[18]

Ontrack School opened in February 2018.[19]

On 17 April 2020, the Queensland Government re-drew the boundaries of localities within the Central Highlands Region by replacing the locality of The Gemfields with three new localities of Rubyvale, Sapphire Central and Anakie Siding (around the towns of Rubyvale, Sapphire, and Anakie respectively). This included adjusting the boundaries of other existing localities in the Region to accommodate these changes; Emerald gained the north-eastern corner and eastern parts of The Gemfields but losing a small area on its western boundary to the new Anakie Siding, increasing the area of the locality from 611.1 to 844.9 square kilometres (235.9 to 326.2 sq mi).[20][21][22][23]

Flooding

[edit]

Some of the recorded floods to have occurred in the region include 1863, 1864, 1868, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1882, 1887, 1890, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1906, 1912, 1918, 1920s, 1950 (where 1,103.77 millimetres (43.456 in) rain was recorded in Queensland), 1956 was the wettest year on record with 1,032.29 millimetres (40.641 in) rainfall. The 1970s also had similar rainfall to the 1860s and 1870s.[citation needed]

Prior to the 1990s, flood damage to residential properties was almost non-existent.[citation needed] The biggest impact of flooding of the Nogoa River in Emerald itself was that one side of Emerald was cut off from the other and caravans at the Carinya Caravan Park would be towed to higher ground each time the Nogoa River rose, to prevent the caravans from being completely submerged. This caravan park is now the site of the Centro Property where Coles Supermarket and other businesses operate. A former swamp area is now part of Kidd Street (a housing development) which was an old river course. The watercourse that extended along the back of the hospital, past the rear of Woolworths and past the Information Centre has been converted into a channel with a concrete section on one side near the information centre, reducing the channel in size by approximately two-thirds. This area has been allowed to be developed in the vicinity of Creek Street.[24]

Fairbairn Dam overflowed for the first time in 17 years on 19 January 2008.[25] Major flooding in Emerald occurred a few days later as the Nogoa River broke its banks. The floods resulted in 1,000 houses being affected and more than 2,500 people being evacuated. The 2008 floods did not reach the heights of flooding in previous years.[citation needed]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Emerald had a population of 14,356 people.[26]

In the 2021 census, ]the locality of Emerald had a population of 14,906 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5% of the population. 77% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were New Zealand (4%), Philippines (1.7%), South Africa (1.4%) and England (1.1%). 83% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Afrikaans at 0.9%, and Tongan at 0.8%. 36.9% of people identified as non-religious, followed by 21.8% Catholic, and 10.6% Anglican.[1]

Heritage listings

[edit]

Emerald has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Economy

[edit]

Emerald is a service town for a large number of industries in the area. Extensive coal mining operations are carried out in the district, including at Kestrel coal mine, Gregory coal mine and Ensham coal mine. Cotton is grown in the area, and is processed at the Yamala Cotton Gin, while other agricultural activities include grape, citrus and grain growing.

The citrus industry was severely affected by a citrus canker outbreak that started in 2004 and was declared over in early 2009.[28] More than half a million citrus trees located around Emerald had to be destroyed.[28]

Emerald Solar Park is immediately west of the town (23°31′S 148°08′E / 23.51°S 148.14°E / -23.51; 148.14 (Emerald Solar Park)) and generates up to 74MW of electricity.[citation needed]

Education

[edit]

Emerald State School is a government primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Anakie Street (23°31′25″S 148°09′38″E / 23.5237°S 148.1605°E / -23.5237; 148.1605 (Emerald State School)).[29][30] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 316 students with 25 teachers (21 full-time equivalent) and 14 non-teaching staff (8 full-time equivalent).[31]

Emerald North State School is a government primary (Early Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Campbell Street (23°30′48″S 148°09′51″E / 23.5132°S 148.1641°E / -23.5132; 148.1641 (Emerald North State School)).[29][32] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 249 students with 25 teachers (23 full-time equivalent) and 29 non-teaching staff (18 full-time equivalent).[31] It includes a special education program.[29]

Denison State School is a government primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 16 Gray Street (23°31′56″S 148°09′04″E / 23.5322°S 148.1512°E / -23.5322; 148.1512 (Denison State School)).[29][33] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 497 students with 36 teachers (33 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent).[31] It includes a special education program.[29]

Capricornia School of Distance Education is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood to Year 12) school for boys and girls at the corner Gray and Gladstone Streets (23°31′56″S 148°09′07″E / 23.5323°S 148.1520°E / -23.5323; 148.1520 (Capricornia School of Distance Education)).[29][34] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 775 students with 72 teachers (64 full-time equivalent) and 21 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[31] It includes a special education program.[29] The school operates from the Denison State School campus.

Emerald State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at Old Airport Drive (23°30′49″S 148°09′30″E / 23.5136°S 148.1582°E / -23.5136; 148.1582 (Emerald State High School)).[29][35] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 780 students with 62 teachers (59 full-time equivalent) and 33 non-teaching staff (22 full-time equivalent).[31] It includes a special education program.[29][36]

St Patrick's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 41 Yamala Street (23°31′24″S 148°09′44″E / 23.5233°S 148.1621°E / -23.5233; 148.1621 (St Patrick's Catholic Primary School)).[29][37] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 491 students with 31 teachers (29 full-time equivalent) and 16 non-teaching staff (9 full-time equivalent).[31]

St Brigid's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at Gregory Highway (23°33′35″S 148°10′11″E / 23.5597°S 148.1696°E / -23.5597; 148.1696 (St Brigid's Catholic Primary School)).[29][38] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 202 students with 16 teachers (15 full-time equivalent) and 8 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).[31]

Marist College Emerald is a Catholic secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at Jeppesen Drive (23°32′37″S 148°09′33″E / 23.5435°S 148.1592°E / -23.5435; 148.1592 (Marist College)).[29][39] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 569 students with 50 teachers (47 full-time equivalent) and 25 non-teaching staff (19 full-time equivalent).[31]

Emerald Christian College is a private primary and secondary (Preparatory to Year 12) school for boys and girls at Lot 2 Gregory Highway (23°33′10″S 148°10′15″E / 23.5528°S 148.1708°E / -23.5528; 148.1708 (Emerald Christian College)).[29][40] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 196 students with 22 teachers (20 full-time equivalent) and 18 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).[31]

Ontrack is a private primary and secondary (5–10) school at 114 Borilla Street (23°31′36″S 148°09′41″E / 23.5266°S 148.1614°E / -23.5266; 148.1614 (Ontrack)).[29][41] It seeks to provide for students from Years 6 to 10 who have disengaged from mainstream schools.[19]

The small community of Gindie lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Emerald on the Gregory Highway, and is home to a primary school, Gindie State School, established in 1897. The school closed in 1949 and subsequently reopened.[42]

Central Queensland University has a campus in Emerald.

Amenities

[edit]

Central Highlands Regional Council operates Emerald Library at 44 Borilla Street, Emerald.[43]

The Emerald branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Rooms at 45 Borilla Street.[44]

Emerald Uniting Church is at 49 Yamala Streets (corner of Borilla Street, 23°31′25″S 148°09′47″E / 23.5236°S 148.1631°E / -23.5236; 148.1631 (Emerald Uniting Church)).[45][46][17]

Calvary Christian Church is at 11 Gladstone Street (23°31′50″S 148°09′16″E / 23.5305°S 148.1544°E / -23.5305; 148.1544 (Calvary church)).[47]

Attractions

[edit]
Visitor information centre, Emerald, 2017

To the west of the town is an area known as The Gemfields, with small towns such as Sapphire and Rubyvale indicating the type of gems found there. The sapphire fields located here are the largest in the southern hemisphere.[48]

The Fairbairn Dam, a short drive to the south of the town, was opened in 1972, and holds back the waters of Lake Maraboon.[4] The lake covers an area of up to 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi), making it one of the largest artificial lakes in the country. When full, it holds three times more water than Sydney Harbour. This extensive water supply has allowed the cotton industry to flourish in the area, and the lake is a boon for local water sports.[49][50]

The Big Easel, 2012

Erected in 1999, the world's largest Vincent van Gogh sunflower painting is situated in Moreton Park.[51] The structure is 25 metres (82 ft) high.[52] It is one of seven works around the world by Cameron Cross in which he reproduces Van Gogh's sunflowers for the Van Gogh Project.[53] He chose Emerald as a site for his work as it is a sunflower-growing area and has an annual sunflower festival. Being an oversized reproduction, it is considered one of Australia's Big Things.[13][14][52]

Events

[edit]

Emerald holds an annual sunflower festival in the week before Easter.[54]

Media

[edit]

Newspapers

[edit]

Emerald Today, published each Friday, is the local Emerald newspaper. The newspaper focuses on local news and sport.[citation needed]

Radio

[edit]

Emerald is served by two local commercial stations, one local ABC station and one local community station.[citation needed]

4HI is the oldest local radio station in Emerald, beginning transmissions from their local studio in November 1981. The station offers local breakfast and drive programming from their Emerald studio and carries nationally syndicated programming from 2GB Sydney.[citation needed]

In the late 1990s, youth-orientated commercial station Hot FM was launched in Emerald. Even though the station plays local commercials and imaging on a local frequency, no programming on the station originates from Emerald. Until 2013, the breakfast program which aired on Hot FM in Emerald was a regionally networked program from Townsville. It was subsequently replaced with the Hot FM CQ breakfast program that originates from Gladstone.[citation needed]

Emerald is served by ABC Capricornia, the region's ABC Local Radio station. ABC Capricornia is broadcast on a local frequency, but no programming originates from Emerald as the station's local breakfast and morning programs are relayed to the Emerald transmitter from Rockhampton.[citation needed]

Emerald is also served by local community radio station, 4EEE.[citation needed]

Television

[edit]

Emerald receives all available ABC and commercial television stations from Rockhampton, and therefore local news bulletins Seven News and WIN News are broadcast to Emerald, with the bulletins occasionally featuring local news from the Central Highlands region.[citation needed]

Sport

[edit]

The most popular sport in Emerald is rugby league. The town has two teams, the Emerald Tigers and the Emerald Brothers, both of whom compete in the Central Highlands Rugby League competition, administered by the Queensland Rugby League.[citation needed]

Climate

[edit]

Emerald has a hot semi-arid climate (Koppen: BSh) with very hot, relatively wet summers and very mild, dry winters with cool nights. Warm to hot weather dominate for most of the year, with mean maximums ranging from 34.6 °C (94.3 °F) in January to 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) in July. The average annual rainfall is 559.0 millimetres (22.01 in), with a summer maximum.[55] Temperature extremes have ranged from 46.2 °C (115.2 °F) on 15 December 1919 to −5.6 °C (21.9 °F) on 4 July 1899.[56]

The original weather station was at the Post Office, starting in 1883. It closed in 1992, in favour of a new weather station at the Airport 4.9 kilometres (3.0 mi) SE.

Climate data for Emerald (23º34'12"S, 148º10'48"E, 189 m AMSL) (1992-2024 normals, extremes 1889-2024)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.6
(114.1) 		44.3
(111.7) 		42.9
(109.2) 		38.1
(100.6) 		34.3
(93.7) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.8
(91.0) 		38.2
(100.8) 		39.9
(103.8) 		42.4
(108.3) 		44.6
(112.3) 		46.2
(115.2) 		46.2
(115.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 34.6
(94.3) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.9
(91.2) 		30.1
(86.2) 		26.4
(79.5) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.4
(74.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		32.1
(89.8) 		33.4
(92.1) 		34.4
(93.9) 		30.0
(85.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		20.6
(69.1) 		17.1
(62.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.2
(63.0) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		16.4
(61.5)
Record low °C (°F) 7.8
(46.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		1.8
(35.2) 		7.2
(45.0) 		−5.6
(21.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 83.1
(3.27) 		83.7
(3.30) 		58.1
(2.29) 		30.5
(1.20) 		20.9
(0.82) 		29.3
(1.15) 		19.0
(0.75) 		19.8
(0.78) 		25.5
(1.00) 		47.9
(1.89) 		58.5
(2.30) 		81.0
(3.19) 		559.0
(22.01)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.6 5.7 4.2 2.9 2.0 3.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 3.9 5.3 5.7 44.1
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 41 45 37 36 37 41 36 32 30 31 33 36 36
Average dew point °C (°F) 17.0
(62.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		8.9
(48.0) 		7.5
(45.5) 		5.7
(42.3) 		5.7
(42.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		11.0
(51.7)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1992-2024 normals, extremes 1889-2024)[57][58]

Notable residents

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Emerald (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b "Emerald – town in Central Highlands Region (entry 11598)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Emerald – locality in Central Highlands Region (entry 46949)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d "Travel: Emerald". theage.com.au. The Age Company. 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 24 May 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  5. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Gayiri". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  6. ^ "NOMENCLATURE OF QUEENSLAND.—119". The Courier-mail. No. 769. Queensland, Australia. 15 February 1936. p. 12. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "Emerald & Sapphire Gemfields". Visit Capricorn. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  8. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  10. ^ "Our History". St Patrick's Emerald. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  12. ^ "College History". Marist College Emerald. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  13. ^ a b "Big Easel". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  14. ^ a b Grossetti, Carla (7 November 2023). "A Guide To 30 Of Australia's Iconic Big Things". Australian Traveller. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  15. ^ Plaque at Emerald Visitors Centre, Central Highlands Regional Council Library, 4 August 2017, archived from the original on 19 January 2019, retrieved 24 May 2024
  16. ^ "Gift of a Church – a mix of mission and service | Emerald Uniting Church". Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  17. ^ a b "Emerald Uniting Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  18. ^ "Our History". St Brigid's Catholic Primary School, Emerald. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  19. ^ a b "OnTrack" (PDF). OnTrack. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2019.
  20. ^ "Recent place name decisions: Job number 18-115: The Gemfields". Queensland Government. 17 April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  21. ^ "Proposed Locality Boundaries and Names: Anakie Siding, Argyll, Emerald, Gindie, Lochington, Minerva, Rubyvale and Sapphire Central" (PDF). Queensland Government. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Locality Boundaries and Names: Anakie Siding, Argyll, Emerald, Gindie, Lochington, Minerva, Rubyvale and Sapphire Central" (PDF). Queensland Government. 17 April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Emerald engulfed by spreading flood waters". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 January 2008. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  25. ^ "Overflowing dam to supply years of water to Emerald district". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 January 2008. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  26. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Emerald (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  27. ^ "Emerald Railway Station Complex (entry 600490)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  28. ^ a b "Citrus canker disease officially eradicated from Qld". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  30. ^ "Emerald State School". Archived from the original on 28 April 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  32. ^ "Emerald North State School". Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  33. ^ "Denison State School". Archived from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  34. ^ "Capricornia School of Distance Education". Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  35. ^ "Emerald State High School". Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  36. ^ "Emerald SHS - Special Education Program". Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  37. ^ "St Patrick's Catholic Primary School". Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  38. ^ "St Brigid's Catholic Primary School". Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  39. ^ "Marist College". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  40. ^ "Emerald Christian College". Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  41. ^ "ONTRACK". ONTRACK. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  42. ^ "Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools". Queensland Government. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  43. ^ "Emerald Library". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  44. ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  45. ^ "Find a Church". Uniting Church in Australia, Queensland Synod. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  46. ^ "Emerald Uniting Church". Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  47. ^ "Emerald | Calvary Christian Church". 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  48. ^ Penguin Books Australia (2002). Explore Queensland. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin Books Australia. p. 40. ISBN 0-14-300015-2.
  49. ^ "Fairbairn Dam, Lake Maraboon". Queensland Uncovered. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  50. ^ "Nogoa Mackenzie Scheme". Sunwater. 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  51. ^ "Van Gogh Sunflower Painting". Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  52. ^ a b "The story of Sunflowers". 20 July 2021. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  53. ^ "Van Gogh Sunflower Painting". Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  54. ^ "Central Highlands Easter Sunflower Festival". Retrieved 24 May 2024 – via Facebook.
  55. ^ "Emerald Airport Climate (1992-2024)". FarmOnline Weather. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  56. ^ "Emerald Post Office Climate (1883-1992)". FarmOnline Weather. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  57. ^ "Emerald Airport Climate Statistics (1992-2024)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 12 July 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ "Emerald Airport Climate Statistics (1883-1992)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 12 July 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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