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Geranium robertianum

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Geranium robertianum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Geraniales
Family: Geraniaceae
Genus: Geranium
Species:
G. robertianum
Binomial name
Geranium robertianum
Synonyms

Robertiella robertiana

Geranium robertianum, commonly known as herb-Robert,[1] or (in North America) Roberts geranium, is a common species of cranesbill native to Europe and parts of Asia, North Africa, and parts of North America.[2] The plant has many vernacular names, including red robin, death come quickly, fox geranium, stinking Bob, squinter-pip (Shropshire) and crow's foot.

Description

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It grows as a procumbent (prostrate or trailing) to erect annual or biennial plant, up to fifty centimetres high, producing small, pink, five-petalled flowers (8–14 mm in diameter)[3] from April until the autumn. The leaves are deeply dissected, ternate to palmate,[3][4]: 174  the stems reddish and prominently hairy; where it grows in sunny sites, the leaves also turn crimson red at the end of the flowering season.[5]

Distribution and habitat

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Its main areas of distribution are Europe from the north Mediterranean coast to the Baltic, from the British Isles in the west to the Caucasus in the east, and eastern North America.[6] It is not native to western North America, where it has escaped from cultivation and is regarded as an invasive species.[7] Geranium robertianum is common throughout Great Britain and Ireland in woodland, hedgerows, scree and maritime shingle.[3] It grows at altitudes from sea level to 710 metres (2,329 ft) in Teesdale, England and above 2,100 metres (6,890 ft) in parts of mainland Europe on calcareous alpine screes.[8]

Uses

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Herb Robert has been used in the folk medicine of several countries, including as a treatment for diarrhea, to improve functioning of the liver and gallbladder,[9] for toothache and nosebleeds,[10] and as a vulnerary (used for or useful in healing wounds).[11] Its common name has several possible sources: the Latin word for red, ruber; Shakespearean character Robin Goodfellow, the mischievous hobgoblin in A Midsummer Night's Dream; an early duke of Normandy named Robert who is rumored to have commissioned the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum; or abbot and herbalist Robert of Molesme.[12][13] Freshly picked leaves have an odor resembling burning tires when crushed, and if they are rubbed on the body the smell is said to repel mosquitoes.[11]

Chemical constituents include tannins, a bitter compound called geraniin, and essential oils.[14]

  • Typical leaf structure
    Typical leaf structure
  • Flower buds
    Flower buds
  • fruits
    fruits
  • Blossom and bud
    Blossom and bud

References

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  1. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ Kartesz, J.T. "BONAP's Taxonomic Data Center (TDC): North American Vascular Flora". The Biota Of North America Program. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Stace, C. A. (2010), New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.), Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, p. 348, ISBN 9780521707725
  4. ^ Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003), Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora., London: A & C Black, ISBN 978-1408179505
  5. ^ Trust, Woodland. "Herb-Robert (Geranium robertianum)". Woodland Trust. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ^ "Geranium robertianum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Herb Robert identification and control: Geranium robertianum - King County".
  8. ^ Tofts, R.J. (2004), "Biological flora of the British isles No. 234 Geranium robertianum L", Journal of Ecology, 92 (3): 537–555, doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00892.x
  9. ^ "Herb Robert: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning". www.webmd.com. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  10. ^ Foster, Steven (2006), Desk Reference To Nature's Medicine, Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, pp. 210–11, ISBN 0-7922-3666-1
  11. ^ a b Milliken, W.; Bridgewater, S. (2004), Flora Celtica, Edinburgh, U.K.: Birlinn Ltd., p. 221, ISBN 1841583030
  12. ^ Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), 2011, retrieved 12 June 2022
  13. ^ Herb-Robert (Geranium robertianum), retrieved 12 June 2022
  14. ^ "Herb Robert – Herbs are Special". Retrieved 2024-05-05.

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geranium robertianum - herb Robert.
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